01 / HISTORICAL SUPPLIER SOURCE · P2
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RTK positioning: an anchor for autonomous drone flight
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RTK positioning: an anchor for autonomous drone flight
6 October 2022 2-minute read
Updated: 7 October 2022
03 / HISTORICAL SUPPLIER SOURCE · P2
During the Middle Ages, compasses and nautical charts guided ships across the vast sea. This article introduces the drone world's compass and chart: the RTK (Real Time Kinematics) positioning system.
GPS and BeiDou are often the first positioning systems that come to mind. Where does RTK come from, and is it the same system as GPS?
Global positioning and real-time kinematic positioning—what is the difference?
GPS, the Global Positioning System familiar to many people, is the United States' system. Comparable systems include China's BeiDou (BDS), Russia's GLONASS and the European Union's Galileo. All belong to the category of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS).
The source describes GNSS positioning accuracy within 10 m as useful for navigation. For greater accuracy—5 m or even centimeter level—it introduces RTK positioning.
Real Time Kinematics Positioning System
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The source describes RTK as GPS-based: a ground reference station at known coordinates uses received carrier signals to correct UAV positioning errors. It claims that the resulting error can reach the millimeter level.
RTK uses two receivers: the ground reference station (Base) and the moving receiver (Rover). The article describes locating the ground station using GPS before takeoff, then using the onboard rover for real-time corrections. It claims millimeter-level error and an effective radius of 10 km.
For use beyond a 10 km radius, the article suggests the government's e-GNSS service. It contrasts a locally installed RTK base with a virtual reference station accessed over a mobile network. The source states approximately 10 cm error for e-GNSS and advises choosing GNSS, RTK or e-GNSS according to the application.
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The article lists autonomous driving, robots, agricultural automation, wearables and shared bicycles as positioning applications for RTK. It invites enquiries about applications beyond drones.
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